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नवीन पृष्ठ

{{Tirumurai}}
{{भाषांतर}}
'''Periya Puranam''' ([[तमिळ भाषा|तमिळ]]:பெரிய‌ புராண‌ம்)(the ''great purana'' or epic), sometimes also called ''Tiruttontarpuranam'' (the purana of the holy devotees) is a [[तमिळ भाषा|तमिळ]] poetic account depicting the legendary lives of the sixty-three [[Nayanar]]s, the canonical poets of Tamil [[Shaivism]]. It was compiled during the 12th century by [[Sekkizhar]]. It provides evidence of trade with West Asia<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=11FYACaVySoC&pg=RA1-PA289&lpg=RA1-PA289&dq=book+kader+mohideen&source=web&ots=ejotHgcd7L&sig=4kng4UJLwM5tYAYtSe1Quhgah0w&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA6,M1 - glimpses of life in 12th century South India]</ref> The ''Periya Puranam'' is part of the corpus of Shaiva canonical works.

[[Sekkizhar]] compiled and wrote the ''Periya Puranam'' or the ''Great Purana'', (the life stories of the sixty-three [[Shaiva]] [[Nayanars]], poets of the God [[Shiva]]) who composed the liturgical poems of the [[Tirumurai]], and was later himself canonised and the work became part of the sacred canon<ref name="ADictionaryofIndianLiterature">A Dictionary of Indian Literature By Sujit Mukherjee</ref>. Among all the hagiographic ''Puranas'' in [[तमिळ भाषा|तमिळ]], Sekkizhar's ''Tiruttondar Puranam'' or ''[[Periyapuranam]]'', composed during the rule of Kullottonga Chola II(1133-1150) stands first<ref name="MedievalIndianLiterature">Medieval Indian Literature By K. Ayyappapanicker, Sahitya Akademi</ref>.

==Background==
Sekkizhar was a poet and the chief minister in the court of the [[Cholas|Chola]] King [[Kulothunga Chola II]]<ref name="CriminalGodsandDemonDevotees">Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees By Alf Hiltebeitel</ref>. Kullottonga Chola II was a staunch devotee of Lord [[Shiva|Siva]] Natraja at Chidambaram. He continued the reconstruction of the center of Tamil Saivism that was begun by his ancestors. However, Kullottonga II was also enchanted by the Jain epic, ''Jivaka Cintamani''<ref name="CriminalGodsandDemonDevotees"/>.

Jivaka Cintamani, is a courtly epic that consisted of erotic flavor called ''Srngara Rasa''<ref name="CriminalGodsandDemonDevotees"/>. In brief, the hero of the epic is Jivaka who combines heroics and erotics to marry seven damsels and gains a kingdom. In the end he realises the transiency of possessions and renounces his kingship and finally attains Nirvana by prolonged ''tapas'' or meditation<ref name="CriminalGodsandDemonDevotees"/>.

In to order to wean Kullonttonga Chola II away from a heretical work such as ''Jivaka Cintamani'', Sekkizhar undertook the task of writing the ''Periyapuranam''<ref name="ADictionaryofIndianLiterature"/>.

===Periyapuranam===

The study of ''Jivaka Cintamani'' by Kullottonga Chola II, deeply affected Sekkizhar who was very religious in nature. He exhorted the king to abandon the pursuit of impious erotic literature and turn instead to the life of the Saiva saints celebrated by Sundaramurti Nayanar and Nambi Andar Nambi<ref name="MedievalIndianLiterature"/>. The king thereupon invited Sekkizhar to expound the lives of the Saiva saints in a great poem. As a minister of the state Sekkizhar had access to the lives of the saints and after he collected the data, he wrote the poem in the ''Thousand Pillared Hall'' of the [[Chidambaram]] temple<ref name="TheHomeofDancingŚivan̲"/>.

This work is considered the most important initiative of Kullottonga Chola II's reign<ref name="TheHomeofDancingŚivan̲"/>. Although, it is only a literary embellishment of earlier hagiographies of the Saiva saints composed by Sundarar and Nampi Antar Nambi, it came to be seen as the epitome of high standards of the [[Chola]] culture, because of the highest order of the literary style<ref name="TheHomeofDancingŚivan̲">The Home of Dancing Śivan̲ By Paul Younger</ref>. The ''[[Periyapuranam]]'' is considered as a veritable fifth Veda in [[तमिळ भाषा|तमिळ]] and immediately took its place as the twelfth and the last book in the Saiva canon. It is considered as one of the masterpieces of the [[Tamil literature]] and worthily commemorates the Golden age of the [[Cholas]]<ref name="MedievalIndianLiterature"/>.

;Significance
All the saints mentioned in this epic poem are historical persons and not mythical<ref name="MedievalIndianLiterature"/>. Therefore, this is a recorded history of the 63 Saiva saints called as [[Nayanmars]] (devotees of Lord Siva), who attain salvation by their unflinching devotion to [[Shiva|Siva]]. The Nayanmars that he talks about belonged to different castes, different occupations and lived in different times<ref name="MedievalIndianLiterature"/>.

==See also==

* [[South India's 75 Apostles of Bhakti]]
* [[Karaikkal Ammeiyar]]
* [[Sampantar]]
* [[Cheraman Perumal]]
* [[Iyarpahai]]
* [[Kannappa Nayanar]]
* [[Kotpuli]]
* [[Manikkavacakar]]
* [[Nandanar]]
* [[Chandeshvara Nayanar]]
* [[Manakkanychaara Nayanar]]
* [[Suntarar]]
* [[Tirunavukkarasar]]
* [[Nambiyandar Nambi]]
* [[Nayanars]]
==References==
{{संदर्भयादी}}
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{{हिंदू धर्मामधील पंथ आणि संप्रदाय}}

[[वर्ग:तमिळ पुराणशास्त्र]]
[[वर्ग:तमिळ संत]]
[[वर्ग:तमिळ कवी]]
[[वर्ग:शैव पंथ]]

पेरियपुराण - आवृत्ती इतिहास

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